While gambling has existed almost since the invention of civilization, the casino as a central venue for a wide variety of games of chance and skill was conceived in Italy during the 16th century. The word casino probably derives from a type of small clubhouse or social gathering place called a ridotto, where wealthy Italians used to hold parties and gamble. These venues were technically illegal, but the inquisition rarely bothered them.

Modern casinos often feature bright and sometimes gaudy floor and wall coverings, which are designed to stimulate and cheer patrons. The color red is especially popular, because it is believed to make people lose track of time and forget to check their watch. In addition to a plethora of tables and slots, most casinos also feature restaurants, bars, stage shows and dramatic scenery.

Casino security begins on the floor, where employees keep an eye on the activities of the games and patrons. Dealers are heavily trained to spot blatant cheating like palming or marking cards and dice, and pit bosses can spot patterns in betting that might indicate collusion. A more sophisticated surveillance system known as the “eye in the sky” allows security workers to watch every table, window and doorway through banks of video screens.

The typical casino customer is a middle-aged woman who comes from a household with above-average income. Research from Roper Reports GfK and the U.S. Gaming Panel suggests that casino revenues represent a shift from spending on other forms of local entertainment and are not necessarily beneficial to the economy. Some studies suggest that compulsive gambling damages the health of players and their families.